Formamide

Formamide

CAS Number:75‑12‑7

General Formula:HCONH₂

Introduction

A colorless, slightly viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a faint ammonia odor. Widely used in biochemical protocols (e.g., nucleic acid hybridization), synthesis of triazoles, vitamins, pharmaceuticals, paper finishing, and as a polar solvent.

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Physical & Chemical Properties

Property Value
Melting Point ~2–3 °C
Boiling Point ~210 °C (decomposes from ~180 °C)
Density @20 °C ~1.13–1.134 g/mL
Vapor Pressure @20 °C ~0.08 mmHg
Refractive Index ~1.447 n₀₂₀/D
Solubility Fully miscible with water & organics
Flash Point ~154 °C CC

Applications

  • Denaturing agent in DNA/RNA hybridization
  • Reagent for triazole and pyrimidine synthesis
  • Solvent in paper finishing, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins

Safety & Handling

  • Toxic if swallowed or absorbed; suspected carcinogen (GHS H351, H360D, H373)
  • Use PPE, fume hood, stored below 8 °C
  • Respiratory irritation possible—use ventilation

Packing Options

  • Lab:100 mL–5 L bottles
  • Industrial:230 kg drums, IBCs

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