Dimethyl Sulfate

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DMS Chemical

CAS Number:77‑78‑1

Synonyms: Dimethyl sulfate; DMS; Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester

Chemical Formula:C₂H₆O₄S

Product Introduction

A colorless oily liquid with a faint onion odor, dimethyl sulfate is a potent methylating agent used in organic synthesis for methylation of phenols, amines, carboxylic acids, and DNA. Highly toxic, corrosive, and classified as a probable human carcinogen.

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Physical & Chemical Properties

Property Value
Appearance Colorless oily liquid
Melting Point –32 °C
Boiling Point 188 °C
Density @ 25 °C 1.333 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure @ 25 °C 0.7 mm Hg
Refractive Index (n₂₀ᴅ) ~1.386
Solubility in Water ~2.8 g/100 mL @ 18 °C
Molecular Weight 126.13 g/mol
Explosive Limits 3.6–23.2%
LD₅₀ (oral, rat) 440 mg/kg

Applications

  • Methylating reagent for phenols, amines, acids, thiols, and nucleic acids.
  • Analytical tool in DNA structure mapping and organic synthesis.
  • Industrial intermediate : for dyes, fragrance, and quaternary ammonium salts.

Safety & Hazards:

  • Highly toxic and carcinogenic: causes severe burns, respiratory damage, and delayed pulmonary edema.
  • NIOSH/OSHA TLV: ≤0.1 ppm with skin notation.
  • Incompatible with bases, oxidizers, moisture—store cold (<15 °C) and under inert gas.

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