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Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric Acid

CAS Number: 7647‑01‑0

Synonyms: Hydrochloric acid; Muriatic acid; Hydrogen chloride solution

Chemical Formula:HCl(aq)

Molecular Weight:36.46 g/mol

Product Introduction

A colorless, fuming aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. Commonly supplied at ~35–38 wt%. Widely used as a strong acid in pH control, steel pickling, ore processing, food processing, and chemical production.

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Physical & Chemical Properties

Property Value
Appearance Colorless to slightly yellow liquid; fumes in moist air
Typical Concentration 35–38 wt % HCl (US/JP/PhEur standards)
Density @ 20 °C 1.18–1.20 g/mL for 37% grade
Boiling Point > 100 °C; azeotrope at 20.2 wt % HCl boils at 108.6 °C
Melting Point ~ –30 to –19 °C depending on concentration
Vapor Pressure 1–73 kPa @20 °C (varies with concentration)
Refractive Index (1 N) ~1.3417
Solubility Miscible with water and organics
pKa –5.9 (strong acid)

Applications

  • Steel pickling: Removes scale from carbon and stainless steel.
  • pH regulation:In water treatment, food production, and labs.
  • Chemical synthesis:Production of organic/ inorganic chlorides, chemical intermediates.
  • Descaling & cleaning:Used in pools, household cleaners, oil well stimulation.

Safety Note:

  • IARC:Not classifiable as to carcinogenicity of aqueous solutions.
  • OSHA PEL:5 ppm TWA; NIOSH REL: Ceiling 2 ppm.
  • Highly corrosive to eyes, skin, respiratory system. Requires full PPE and fume hood.

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