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Benzoic Acid

CAS Number:65‑85‑0

Synonyms:Benzoic acid; Benzene carboxylic acid; E210 (food additive)

Chemical Formula:C₇H₆O₂

Molecular Weight: 122.12 g/mol

Product Introduction

A white crystalline solid with a mild aromatic odor. A weak aromatic carboxylic acid, widely used as a food preservative (E210), in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dyes, resin manufacturing, and plasticizers

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Physical & Chemical Properties

Property	Value
Appearance	White scaly/needle crystals or powder
Melting Point	121–125 °C (typically 122–124 °C)
Boiling Point	~249 °C
Density	~1.08 g/cm³
Solubility in Water	~2.9–3.5 g/L @ 20–25 °C
Solubility in Organics	Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene, toluene
Refractive Index	~1.504
Flash Point	~250 °F (~121 °C)
Log P	~1.87

Applications

Food preservative: inhibits yeast/mold (E210) in acidic foods/beverages
Pharma intermediate: precursor to benzoates, benzoyl chloride, and fungicides
Industrial additive: used in dyes, plastics, resin production, cosmetic preservatives
Analytical & lab use: standard for calorimetry, buffer calibration

Safety & Handling

Low toxicity (oral LD₅₀ rabbit ~1700 mg/kg; dermal >5000 mg/kg). Mild skin, eye, respiratory irritant. GHS warnings H315, H318, H372. Store sealed in cool (<15 °C), dry, and ventilated area away from oxidizers and strong bases.